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Inhibition of a Specific Enzyme -MMP-1 can Treat Tuberculosis

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP, matrix metalloproteinase) is a large family, named after it requires Ca2+, Zn2+ and other metal ions as cofactors. Its family members have similar structures, which are generally composed of five domains with different functions: (1)Hydrophobic signal peptide sequence; (2)The main function of the propeptide region is to maintain the stability of the zymogen. When this area is cut by exogenous enzymes, MMPs zymogen is activated; (3)The catalytic activity area contains zinc ion binding site, which is very important for enzyme catalysis. (4) the hinge area rich in proline; (5)The carboxylic terminal region is related to substrate specificity of the enzyme. Among them, the catalytically active region and the propeptide region are highly conserved. There is a certain degree of substrate specificity among various MMPs, but it is not absolute. The same MMP can degrade multiple extracellular matrix components, and a certain extracellular matrix component can be degraded by multiple MMPs, but the degradation efficiency of different enzymes can be different.
Researchers report that their examination of some pulmonary tuberculosis patients showed higher levels of MMP-1. The researchers then cultured human cells in test tubes to infect them with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and found that the MMP-1 levels in them increased. The researchers also carried out animal experiments, and the results showed that in experimental mice, increased levels of MMP-1 can cause lung damage similar to that of human patients.
Researchers believe that if drugs can be used to inhibit the effects of MMP-1, it may become a new way to treat tuberculosis. This study has confirmed that for human cells infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis grown in test tubes, Some existing drugs can be used to inhibit the effect of MMP-1. 
Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The symptoms include frequent coughing, fatigue, etc. In severe cases, hemoptysis or even death may occur. It has long been regarded as an incurable disease in history. After the advent of related antibiotics in the 20th century, the treatment of tuberculosis became easier, but with the gradual increase of bacterial resistance, tuberculosis has a tendency to make a comeback in the world.
The treatment of tuberculosis has not made much progress in recent decades, and this study reveals a new treatment approach, which may be helpful for the further treatment of tuberculosis.
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